2D appearances on echo
- Thickened immobile posterior mitral valve leaflet
- Thickened leaflets and subvalvular apparatus
- Fish mouth appearance on short axis view (best view for planimetry)
- ‘Hockey stick’ or ‘bent knee’ appearance of anterior mitral valve leaflet in diastole on short axis view
- Left atrial enlargement
- Thrombus in left atrium (may be absent)
- M-mode shows decreased E-F slope of anterior mitral valve leaflet
- Evidence of pulmonary hypertension - enlarged right heart]
Below is a typical appearance of mitral stenosis with a thrombus in the atrium.
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