It is worthwhile remembering echocardiographic features of systemic diseases that affect the heart. It is difficult to list all the conditions, but the common ones are listed in this question.
1. Amyloidosis1
- Restrictive heart disease with normal LV cavity size
- Diastolic dysfunction
- Speckled myocardium
Below are the PLAX and PSAX video loops of a patient with amyloidosis. This patient also had grade III diastolic dysfunction.
2. Carcinoid syndrome2
- Valve fibrosis causing severe tricuspid regurgitation (with mild stenosis) and pulmonary stenosis
3. Sarcoidosis3
- Regional wall motion abnormalities with thinning of the basal septal and posterolateral walls
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Speckled myocardium
- Ventricular aneurysms
4. Marfans syndrome4
- Dilated aortic root and ascending aorta
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Aortic dissection
References
2. PA Pellikka, AJ Tajik, BK Khandheria, JB Seward, JA Callahan, HC Pitot, LK Kvols. Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients. Circulation. 1993;87:1188-1196
3. Lewin RF, Mor R, Spitzer S, et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Am Heart J 1985;110:116-122
4. Curt Freed, Nelson B. Schiller. Echocardiographic Findings in Marfan's Syndrome. West J Med. 1977 February; 126(2): 87–90.
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